Maps:  How Mankind Remade Nature

As scientists get used to the idea that Earth is in a new geological age, that the Holocene — the last geological age — has been replaced by Anthropocene, they’re figuring out how it got to be that way.

Two years ago, ecologists Erle Ellis and Navin Ramankutty at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, released a map of the world’s biological areas, traditionally known as biomes. Similar maps were found on science classroom walls across the land, but theirs was different in one very fundamental way: They updated the definition of biome to reflect how human beings used the land.

Ellis and Ramankutty said this was much more relevant to the 21st century, with more than six billion people using more of Earth’s water, energy and matter than any other species, than classical biomes that didn’t account for humanity’s influence. They called their newly-defined areas “anthromes,” short for anthropological biomes. It was a map for the anthropocene.

During a subsequent presentation, someone asked the researchers for details on how the anthropocene evolved. To answer that question, Ellis and Ramankutty have come out with a new set of maps that show how anthromes have changed since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.

“You now have a biosphere that’s completely transformed by people. Biology goes on in the human context, not the natural,” he said. “And given the idea that most of ecosystem form and process is created by and ruled by human activity, how did it get to be that way?”  Read Article

By Brandon Keim